Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addiction, and play sports. It is so important to know what you can eat with diabetes, and what products you should completely refuse.
If there is a significant decline in well-being, malaise, constant and, in addition, unquenchable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itching of the skin, especially in the area of the legs and groin, you should contact immediately. endocrinologist and undergo an examination. These symptoms indicate the development of diabetes.
The disease is certainly dangerous and severe, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with illness. In order to normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you should follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
Pathology can develop in both an adult and a child. Often the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
IT IS IMPORTANT
What can you drink with diabetes
Most patients try to watch their diet. They do not eat junk food and try to make the food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of the drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, store-bought juices, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.
If you want a drink, you should give priority to the following drinks:
- non-carbonated mineral water or purified water;
- unsweetened juices;
- jelly;
- compotes;
- weak tea;
- green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juices (only diluted);
- skimmed dairy products.
Doctors do not recommend patients to drink coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and essential substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grain and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.
Basic rules of healthy eating
All diabetics, without exception, should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes. Eating all the food in a row is fraught with a decline in overall well-being.
Any diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
Diet therapy is intended to:
- limit the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reduction in calorie intake;
- use of fortified food;
- five to six meals a day;
- meals at the same time;
- enrichment of the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (except the sweet ones, especially persimmons and dates);
- eating small meals;
- exclusion of long periods between meals;
- compiling a menu taking into account the GI of the products;
- minimize salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as convenience foods and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- use cooked food, baked in the oven and steam.
The right diet is the key to good health
Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, should follow a proper and healthy diet:
- To maintain insulin levels at all times, you need to have a full breakfast.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should be taken no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. You can eat hot and moderately cool dishes with diabetes.
- Liquids can be drunk half an hour before meals or after 30 minutes. Do not drink water or juices during the meal.
- It is important to stick to the routine. Eating five to six times a day helps prevent a sharp rise in blood glucose levels.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, dairy products with a low percentage of fat content, vegetables and fruits, cereals.
- Diabetics should avoid sugar and any products containing it.
- The optimal daily calorie content is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of the dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or non-carbonated mineral water should be drunk per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise, it is called a "unit of bread" - XE. And if nutritional value determines how much useful substances will be converted into energy for the body, then GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It shows how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed, increasing blood sugar levels.
What can diabetics eat while following a diet and table number 9
Many patients, after hearing the word "diet", see it as a sentence. They believe that their diet will be limited to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. Diet therapy for disease means limiting calorie intake, eating complex carbohydrates and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Food can be therapeutic and delicious at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods will help with weight management and maintaining normal insulin levels.
Patients are allowed to use the following products:
- From bread. It is better if it is black bread or products intended for diabetics. The daily norm is 300 g. It is also allowed to use grain, whole grain and "Borodino" bread.
- Soups. It is desirable that the first dishes are cooked on vegetable broths.
- Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: pike perch, carp, cod. Any method of preparation, only frying is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can't eat more than one egg a day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol levels.
- Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, curdled milk, fermented baked milk, natural yogurt).
- Cheese (no salt and low fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberries, apples, kiwi. Their consumption helps not only to increase sugar, but also to lower the level of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (limited).
- Beverages: juices, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can be consumed by diabetics. But the main thing is to respect the measure in everything. Food should not contain fat. You can't drink alcohol either.
Products approved for people with an insulin-dependent form
Pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, characterized by severe symptoms, acute course, and accompanied by increased appetite. In addition to the use of insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly formulated diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of diabetics with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet of patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, seafood and low-fat fish, oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, lean meat.
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Table number 9 for pathology
Patients are often prescribed to follow diet table No. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food that has been cooked in any way, with the exception of frying.
What not to do with diabetes: allowed and prohibited foods, sample menu
Everyone suffering from a serious illness should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is fraught with decline.
The products presented in the list should be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace with sweeteners.
- Baking. This type of food is strongly discouraged. In addition to being rich in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood glucose levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked dishes and canned food. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fats, mayonnaise.
- dairy with a high percentage of fat content.
- Semolina and grain-based products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. You can not eat certain vegetables with diabetes, but if it does not work, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweet soda, concentrated or purchased juices, compotes, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweet. With any type of diabetes, especially with gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, milk chocolate is prohibited.
- Alcoholic beverages.
Allowed and prohibited products:
Proper nutrition, along with the introduction of insulin, is the key to good health. Adhering to a diet, as well as using medications, the patient should be throughout his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
Allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushrooms;
- green peas;
- radish;
- radish;
- turnips;
- string beans;
- greens;
- carrots;
- beets;
- an egg;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes.
Permitted use:
- eggs;
- berries;
- fruits;
- soups;
- croup;
- bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potatoes;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- dairy products with a low percentage of fat content;
- low-fat cooked sausages;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- alcoholic beverages;
- grapes;
- bananas;
- persimmons;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, cookies);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- canned food;
- smoked products and sausages;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fatty dairy products;
- animal fats.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, because such products stimulate the progression of the disease and worsen the effect of the drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced by useful products, suitable in composition:
- Rye flour products can be substituted for white bread.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
- Animal fats are vegetable fats.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Weekly menu approx
You can make a menu for every day or immediately for the whole week yourself, taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes. Below is a sample menu for the week.
The first day.
- Morning meal: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Evening meal: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
The second day.
- Breakfast: milk pumpkin porridge, jelly.
- Snack: biscuit cookies.
- Lunch: thin borscht, millet porridge with baked mango fillet, green tea.
- Snack: curdled milk.
- Dinner: squash stew, kefir.
Day three.
- Morning meal: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Evening meal: milk rice porridge, boiled shrimp, baked fermented milk.
Day four.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and bell peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, baked fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Evening meal: cooked turkey, tomato juice.
Day five.
- Morning meal: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: one apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, curdled milk.
Day six.
- Morning meal: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and biscuits.
- Lunch: soup with pieces of chicken and buckwheat, baked halibut, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Evening meal: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Day seven.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any fruit allowed.
- Lunch: soup with rice, peppers stuffed with chicken meat, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, stewed cabbage, kefir.
There can be six meals. But the main thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Diet therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of approved products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The main thing is to understand that a healthy diet in case of illness is the key to good health and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.